Kamal Ghorui
Chanting is not just about repeating a mantra. It is traditional science which aligns human body to universe and cosmic order. A human body can be visualzied with Panchakosha are Annamaya, Pranamaya, Manomaya, Vijnanamaya and Anandamaya, and the Tri Sharira are Sthula Sharira, Sukshma Sharira and Karana Sharira.Chanting helps in aligning everything with the universe. Most often mantra is seen as collection of letters, however, it is collection of sound (naad) and letters. This is why there are broadly two types of chanting i.e Silent Chanting and Lound Chanting
Loud Chanting (Vaikhari)
Vaikhari means the mantra is spoken clearly so the sound is heard. This stage is important because it engages the body first. The breath becomes rhythmic, the chest opens, and the vibration moves through the physical system. It also prepares the space itself. Sound has a clearing effect, so loud chanting helps create a supportive atmosphere for practice rather than starting in a scattered environment. When the mind is dull or distracted, Vaikhari brings it back quickly because the body, breath and voice all participate. For that reason it is always useful at the beginning of chanting.
Silent Chanting (Upanshu)
Upanshu is when the mantra is repeated very softly, almost like a whisper or lip movement without sound. Here the work begins shifting inward. The rhythm remains, but the attention turns toward the mind and emotional field. Upanshu helps stabilize thought flow and creates alignment between the mantra and inner feeling. It reduces restlessness without breaking continuity, that is why it acts as a bridge between loud chanting and mental repetition.
Silent Chanting (Manasika)
Manasika means the mantra is repeated entirely in the mind. There is no sound and no movement, only awareness holding the repetition. At this stage the mantra begins working on the subtle body, the ukshma sharir, and influences deeper layers of the panchakosha. It refines thought patterns and steadies attention of thoughts. With regular and consistent practice, the repetition can continue quietly even outside formal chanting, shaping perception and emotional response at a subtle level.
How to Use Them Together
The simplest method is to begin with a few minutes of Vaikhari so the body and space are prepared. Then allow the chant to soften into Upanshu as the mind steadies. From there it naturally moves into Manasika, where the repetition becomes internal. In this progression the mantra moves from sound to mind to subtle awareness of person.
