Kamal Ghorui
In the contemporary world, with ACs (Air Conditioners) ruling most of our households, we often forget that traditional Indian architecture had some very effective ways of ensuring a cool indoor environment naturally. Before the advent of the electricity-based methods of cooling our homes, natural means were used to keep the temperature low indoors. One such example can be seen through the practice prevalent in Kerala for the last three centuries.This conventional technique of flooring, which is popularly called Kaavi flooring, involves using a combination of materials like lime, iron oxide and water. Contrary to the contemporary flooring process which requires an extensive amount of cement and chemicals – this technique is entirely sustainable. It only uses materials that are locally sourced and contributes to a healthier environment by avoiding harmful substances. Skilled artisans apply it manually on the floors, and after it sets, they polish the surface with coconut oil for hours to achieve a smooth, glossy finish. Coconut oil enhances its glow and provides a more natural cooling effect.
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How natural materials create a cooling effect
The secret behind its efficiency as flooring material is its ability to regulate heat in a natural manner. The composition of lime and earthen compounds works as an effective thermal insulator. Rather than letting the heat enter – it absorbs the heat during the day and releases it gradually once it cools down, resulting in maintaining cooler temperatures indoors without depending on artificial cooling methods.Organic compounds such as clay and cow dung (mostly in rural homes) have been traditionally used by Indians in their building construction process for this very purpose. Not only do they provide effective insulation but also allow the surface to breathe, which means that they can let go of excess moisture.
Image Credit: Instagram/ soorya96
Why this technique matters today
Apart from providing comfort; this technique is eco-friendly as well. Contemporary building materials like cement and tiles tend to be more energy-consuming and carbon-emitting than natural alternatives due to their manufacturing processes. On the other hand, traditional floors utilised biodegradable materials which were less harmful to the environment. Moreover, traditional floors were usually incorporated into an overall design scheme. Thick walls, large open courtyards, and porous surfaces ensured good ventilation and thus prevented overheating. Together, these features created naturally cooler living spaces without any dependence on electricity and electrical appliances.However, today these methods are gradually becoming obsolete owing to increasing urbanisation and changing trends. Today, houses are built for convenience and attractiveness, often failing to consider sustainability. But given the rising global temperature and soaring prices of fuel, the importance of these sustainable options cannot be overlooked anymore.The centuries-old flooring system of Kerala is not merely a tradition but a remedy to our future problems. It demonstrates how old practices can help us overcome today’s environmental issues, such as global warming and energy use. With this approach, we can build houses that will be healthier, cooler and more ecologically friendly.
